Basic of Fluid Mechanics

Fluid Mechanics: Basic Concept

 Fluid mechanics is fundamental in the technology around us. Everything we build from cars to airplanes and ships to submarines all move through the fluid. To make them better we need to study the motion of fluid caused by them.

The study of different states of matter increases our technological advancement further for example solid-state physics increases our knowledge by which we build and invent new materials which are lightweight, strong, and have great strength.

Similarly, studying fluid mechanics increases our technological advancement further. The name of scientists who made useful contributions are Daniel Bernoulli, Leonhard Euler, George Gabriel Stokes, Osborne Reynolds, Ludwig Prandtl, Theodore von Karman, Andrey Kolmogorov, Chia-shun-yih, and John von Neumann.

Here is the definition of fluid mechanics:

" Fluid mechanics is the branch of physics which deals with the studies of the behavior of fluid (gases or liquid) and their interaction with solid boundaries and other fluids. "

What is fluid?

Fluid: " The substances that can deform continuously under the action of shear stress."

Properties of Fluid:

There are the following properties of fluid:

1. Density:

Density is the mass per volume of the fluid. It is a fundamental property of fluid. 

Density is a very important property that describes a lot about materials. In fluid mechanics, it is useful in describing buoyancy which is the upward force applied by fluid. Similarly, in describing the properties like pressure and hydrostatic pressure, compressibility, mass flow rate, and so on.

Unit: kg/m3

2. Specific Weight:

Specific Weight is the weight per unit volume of the fluid. 

It affects buoyancy, hydrostatic pressure, pressure distribution, density, and temperature effect.

Unit: N/m3

3. Pressure:

Pressure is the force per unit area. 

Hydrostatic Pressure:

In the case of fluid when it is at rest then pressure acts in all directions. There is another type of type of pressure called "Hydrostatic pressure". It acts on the body due to its weight. It is increased by the depth of the body.

Unit: N/m2

4. Viscosity:

It is resistance to flow caused when the object is moved in fluid.

 Viscosity is very important because the drag is against the flow of an object which is moving in fluid. It is very important to differentiate them. So, drag is a very important concept in engineering which is why it is very useful to study drag and the factors that affect it one such factor is viscosity which is very important in terms of calculating viscosity.

Unit: Pa.s

5. Temperature:

In the case of both solid-state physics and fluid mechanics temperature is a very important property to consider because it governs all the other properties like viscosity, density, etc.

Unit: K

6. Compressibility:

In fluid mechanics, compressibility is very important. It is the measure of how much volume of fluid changes in response to pressure.

7. Bulk Modulus:

It is a measure of fluid resistance to compression. It is relevant for understanding the compressibility of fluid under pressure change.

8. Elasticity:

Elasticity is the behavior of fluid by which it regains its shape after deformation. In nature both elastic and non-elastic fluid are present.

9. Surface Tension:

Surface tension is the ability of the fluid to resist external force.

10. Capillarity:

Capillarity is the ability of fluid to flow in a narrow space against the force of gravity.

11. Vapour pressure:

Vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by vapor at thermodynamic equilibrium states with its condensed state in a closed system. It is important in this case to study the transition between liquid to gas. 

12. Thermal Conductivity:

Thermal conductivity is important because it describes the ability of fluid to conduct thermal energy or heat. It is essential in heat transfer applications.

The main concept of fluid static:

Before explanation of fluid dynamics, let's first understand the basic concept of fluid statics. 

Pascal Law:

Pascal's law states that any change in pressure applied at a point in the enclosed fluid is transmitted unidimensional throughout the fluid in all directions.

Buoyancy:

Buoyancy is the upward force acting on the body by the fluid in which it is submerged. 

Conclusion:

In this article, we explain in detail the basic concept necessary to know before studying fluid mechanics. Fluid mechanics is fundamental in physics and in many engineering fields. That is why I hope I have explained all the concepts necessary to start studying fluid mechanics in the best way and you learn a lot about fluid mechanics.

Thank you! In reading the article.

Autor:

This article is written by "Noel Gill".

Software used:

In this article, Ahref free keyword generator and Grammaley is used.