Fermions: And Their Unique Physics

BY SHAASTRA

Introduction:

Physics is the study of matter, energy, and their interaction. I know you knew it. And you have not come here to read the basic definition of physics.

You came here to learn some amazing facts about fermions matter-forming particles. I hope you are excited to learn about them. Let's start:

How are subatomic and elementary particles discovered?

In the past, we only thought that matter was a build-up of a small divide-able particle called an atom. And our theories are correct. Really all the matter in this whole universe is a build-up of these small, indivisible particles called atoms. 

But undivide really here comes the unique fact as our technology becomes more advanced we begin to drive deep into this small structure that built all the matter. We found that these are further divided into small subatomic particles called "proton, neutron, and electron".

This is enough we think that stop. Stop! detecting further particles. But some scientists around the world do not stop and further detect smaller particles in protons and neutrons called quarks. In the meantime, some scientists also find some other particles and form standard models of particle physics. 

This standard model of particles all the particles that are responsible for building up matter and particles that contain energy. But in this article, we are talking about fermion matter forming particles.

Fermions:

All the matter-forming particles are called "Fermions".  

They are mainly classified into two categories:

1. Quarks                                                              2. Leptons

1. Quarks:

Quarks are the particles that build up protons and neutrons. Quarks are of six types:

1. Up quarks

2. Down quarks

3. Charm quarks

4. Strange quarks

5. Top quarks

6. Bottom quarks

Have you heard about the anti-matter Form that they make up? Is the make-up of these quarks?

Some anti-quarks have the same mass but different charges.

Well, the most important quarks are up and down which makes proton and neutron. 

Up and down quarks:

Up and down quarks are the most famous and most abundant quarks which make protons and neutrons. These are the lightest quarks.

Charm and Strange quarks:

Charm and strange quarks are heavier than up and down quarks. 

Top and Bottom quarks:

The top and bottom quarks are the heaviest of all quarks.

Charm, Strange, Top, and Bottom quarks are also types of quarks but where are found? Which things there build?

These quarks are also present in protons and neutrons but with opposite particles which annihilate and that is why we can't consider them in protons and neutrons.

2. Leptons:

Leptons are other particles which not found within the nuclear or proton and neutron. These are

1. Electron

2. Electron Neutrino

3. Muon 

4. Muon Neutrino

5. Tau

6. Tau Neutrino

Mostly, matter around us is made- up of quark up and down and lepton electrons.

What is muon?

Muon is a particle that is similar to electrons but with much more mass than the electron and is formed when cosmic background radiations hit the atmosphere of Earth than muons are formed.

What is tau?

Tau is a particle that is much heavier than an electron.

Generations:

Three generations divide quarks and leptons.

First generation:

The first generation includes up and down quarks and electron and electron neutrino which is the most important and most abundant forming almost all the matter around you.

Second generation:

The second generation includes Charm and strange quarks and muons and muons neutrino which is heavier than the first generation.

Third generation:

The third generation includes top and bottom quarks and tau and tau neutrino which is heaviest among the first and second generation.

Conclusion:

This is the basic understanding of particles or quantum or subatomic particles. In this article, we are talking about matter-forming particles. In the next article, we talk about energy-carrying particles such as gluons and photons and mass-giving fields called Higgs bosons.

I hope you have a deep understanding of the fermions.

Thank you! For reading this article.

Autor:

This article is written by "Noel Gill".

Software used:

In this article, Ahref free keyword generator and Grammely are used.