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NITROGEN IS MORE IMPORTANT THAN YOU THINK INTRODUCTION: In this article, we discuss nitrogen its important properties, and some incidents that happened in the past with people and instruments that deal with nitrogen. So, let's start: LIQUID NITROGEN INCIDENT THAT KILLED THREE TECHNICIAN OF NASA: The First space shuttle mission was named STS-1, the first orbital mission of NASA. This mission is uniquely described in this article due to the incident in which three technicians died due to inhalation of excess nitrogen of nitrogen. IMPORTANCE OF NITROGEN: Nitrogen is a crucial element in the periodic table due to many important properties. Nitrogen is a non-toxic & colorless gas that occupies 78% of the atmosphere. HISTORY OF NITROGEN: In the past, scientists had different opinions about this gas. For example, some scientists think it was brunt air because no combination occur in the presence of this element. Some believe it is very toxic and has no life because the environment fil...

OPTICS: WARS BETWEEN SCIENTISTS Introduction: Humans are always curious about this nature. That is why they study this universe in great depth. That is why in history we have seen many scientific and technological wars around the world between scientists and nations. Old theories about Vision and Sight: One of the most important wars is about light. Light is always in great discussion. In old times many humans thought about sight and for this explanation, there are two theories. Emission theory: The first theory was emission theory, which said that animals had light sources in their eyes and that is why they saw objects and the world around them. I know now we know that this theory is not true but at that time it has many proofs. Let's discuss one of them: The evidence of this theory is that many animal's eyes shine in darkness. Modern science prove this thing but at that time it was the most accepted theory that proved this. Intromission Theory: The second theory is intromissi...

 CARBON VS SILICON WHOSE SHORTAGE HUMANS CAN'T SURVIVE Introduction: Carbon is extremely important in both biological and technological but here in this article, we are mostly talking about the technological application of carbon and silicon. So, carbon you are essential for life but these properties don't give you any advantages in the article. I hope so. So, let's start: Carbon is an element that has been known since antiquity times. This is the time when humans are not so technologically developed and do not know about chemistry even. So, the relationship between carbon and humans is much older and stronger I feel so. On the other hand, silicon is a very new element according to the  Discovery of Chemical Elements article on Wikipedia  silicon was discovered in 1729. So, seems like silicon is a pretty new element. But this time late 20th century and early 21st century is the "Age of Silicon". Yes, you heard that right. Silicon which was also named "Digital...

BEAUTIFUL CHEMISTRY OF HYDRIDES OF ALKALINE EARTH METAL: Man works with Alkaline Earth Metal Hydrides Introduction: Alkaline Earth Metals Hydrides are the compounds of alkaline earth metals that are very important in many sectors of industries and household uses. There are the following hydrides of Alkaline Earth metals: Beryllium Hydrides Magnesium Hydrides Calcium Hydrides Strontium Hydrides Barium Hydrides Radium Hydrides Properties of Alkaline Earth Metals Hydrides: There are the following properties of Alkaline Earth Metals Hydrides: 1. Ionic Compounds:  Due to the high electronegative difference between Alkaline Earth Metals and Hydrogen, it forms an ionic compound.  But there is an exception. Beryllium is different and it needs our attention as to why it forms a covalent bond. 2. Reactivity: Alkaline Earth metal hydrides are very reactive. But this reactivity depends on the metal. Heavier metal is less reactive. 3. Stability: Alkaline Earth metal hydrides are stable and...

Properties of Most Important Things of Our Daily Life: Mechanical Properties of Materials Introduction to Mechanical Properties of Materials:  Materials that play an important role in everyday life. Imagine building without steel, cars without grey cast iron engines, and airplanes without titanium-aluminum alloys. Well, Imagine this kind of thing is hard because without this there are no machines, no electrical appliances, and no computers. Well, you know understand why materials are so important for us. Here in this article, we are talking about some mechanical properties of materials. Mechanical properties of materials: In this article, we discuss mechanical properties which are as follows: 1. Stiffness: Stiffness is the ability of materials which cause resistance to elastic deformation. Well, after reading that you thought that it must break easily. But stiffness doesn't mean that it means it is hard to cause elastic deformation in that material. For example, there is a rod of s...

HYDRIDES OF ALKALI METALS: Introduction: Well, in our previous articles, we talked about Alkali M etals now we talk about its compounds which are their hydrides. Hydrides are the type of binary compound of hydrogen with some other elements for example, in this case, we are talking about Hydrides of Alkali Metal. Properties of Alkali Metal Hydrides: Some Common Properties of Alkali Metal Hydrides: 1. Formation of Alkali Metal Hydrides: The formation of alkali metal hydrides occurs by a direct reaction between alkali metal and hydrogen. But need temperatures which are given below: LiH           700-800 degrees Celsius NaH              200-400 degrees Celsius KH                 300-500 degrees Celsius RuH               400-600 degrees Celsius CsH           500-700 degrees Celsius Well, you do not n...

HALOGEN FAMILY: THE MOST REACTIVE FAMILY OF THE PERIODIC TABLE Introduction: The halogen family contains fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine. These elements are know for their reactiveness. This family contains many reactive elements known including fluorine which is one of the most reactive non-metals in the periodic table.  We are starting to talk about this family and its unique properties which blow your mind.   So, let's start: Fluorine: Fluorine is a very reactive non-metal. It is because of the fact that it has higher charged nuclei which are not shielded by electrons. That is why it attracts other element's electrons and thus forms compounds with them. Properties of fluorine: There are the following properties of fluorine: 1. Fluorine as discussed earlier is extremely electronegative which means it attracts electrons of other elements. 2. Fluorine is a highly reactive element. 3. Fluorine is very toxic and causes many disorders in the bodies of anima...

OXYGEN FAMILY: AND EXTREME IMPORTANCE OF THEM Radioactive Polonium  Introduction: Air is important to survive life on Earth but mainly oxygen. Similarly, water is important for life and contains hydrogen and oxygen. Like all this, several elements play an important role in our life. Well, a discussion about all of them required to much time. So, in this article, we are taking an overview Oxygen Family. Let's Start: 1. Oxygen: Well, oxygen is the most popular element. Everyone knows about it and its purposes. Well, in chemistry oxygen is infamous for its oxidation properties which are useful but also cause many difficulties due to this property most metals like iron and zinc, etc., are oxidase which causes many problems. Properties of Oxygen: 1. Oxygen is colorless, odorless, tasteless gas at STP (Standard temperature and pressure). 2.  Oxygen is a very reactive element. 3. While oxygen is useful for life but high concentration of oxygen is very toxic. Likewise, its allotropy o...

Mysterious Things About Gravitational Force Introduction: Science is the best way to learn about this nature. Humans are very curious that's why humans started to learn about nature as time passed our understanding of nature increased to deal with such a huge amount of knowledge we divided them into different branches like biology, chemistry, and physics. Gravitational force is fundamental, so knowing about it is extremely important. That's why understanding about them is very important. So in this article, we are talking about what is gravity? And how it is the biggest mystery to scientists. This mystery is so complicated that instead of been solve it has become more complicated with time. Gravity According to Newton: Gravity was the first fundamental force known to humans by the brilliant scientist "Sir Issac Newton". He says that two objects having mass attract each other with a force known as Gravitational Force which is directly proportional to the product of the...

 Nitrogen Family: An Incredible Family in the Periodic Table  Introduction: Well, all around us there are a lot of atoms, elements, and compounds but we can't notice them. Notice the world around us which influences you. By which we all are made and by which you feel alive. Atoms, elements, and compounds play an important role in this universe.  So, as they are so much important understanding them is very important. Here, comes chemistry which deals with the study of matter, its properties, and composition. Nitrogen Family members: Nitrogen Family members include Nitrogen, phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, Bismuth, and Moscovium.  In this, we discuss a lot about its members and explore their hidden properties. So, let's start: Nitrogen: Well, Nitrogen is air. No, I know that air contains other elements and compounds but nitrogen is 78%. That is why I say that air is mostly are nitrogen and I right. Well, you think that if nitrogen is 78% of air then we processed air and...

BOSONS: AND ITS SECRET POWER IN NATURE  Introduction: Nuclear and particle physics, one of the most powerful branches of physics, deals with nuclear and particles present in atoms. In Nuclear and particle physics, they are the "Standard model of particle physics". In the standard model of particle physics, two divisions divide the particle into two categories known as "Bosons and fermions" . Fermions: Fermions are the particles that are responsible for the formation of all the ordinary matter in this universe. We discuss this in detail in the previous article. Fermions Bosons: Bosons are particles that are responsible for all the basic forces in this universe. Forces are of multiple types but for all the forces we humans know scientists select four forces and say that there are "Basic forces of universe". These are as follows: 1. Weak nuclear force 2. Strong nuclear force 3. Gravitational force 4. Electromagnetic force Particles of that force: These forc...

CARBON Family : The most Important Family Humans Know about  Carbon is a unique element. It's personally my favorite but you like it too after knowing its importance in life. Because it is an element of life.  Carbon has a family in which carbon is the father. Just joking. Think about this. Carbon and its family members are very important in our lives because carbon life-forming element because of this we are here.  Silicon which is important for technology. Germanium which is also very important for technology and tin and lead which were used in the past and were the reason for the win and loss of the empire. Tin is used in armor for protection and lead compounds in water give humans many dangerous results. Carbon Family: The carbon family contains carbon, of course, silicon, germanium, tin, lead, and flerovium. Well, carbon is an element of life. Because most of the compounds are important for life. If some exoplanets contain large amounts of carbon compounds then this ...

Fermions: And Their Unique Physics BY SHAASTRA Introduction: Physics is the study of matter, energy, and their interaction. I know you knew it. And you have not come here to read the basic definition of physics. You came here to learn some amazing facts about fermions matter-forming particles. I hope you are excited to learn about them. Let's start: How are subatomic and elementary particles discovered? In the past, we only thought that matter was a build-up of a small divide-able particle called an atom. And our theories are correct. Really all the matter in this whole universe is a build-up of these small, indivisible particles called atoms.  But undivide really here comes the unique fact as our technology becomes more advanced we begin to drive deep into this small structure that built all the matter. We found that these are further divided into small subatomic particles called "proton, neutron, and electron". This is enough we think that stop. Stop! detecting further ...

 Boron Family: And its Unique Properties  Boron Family Introduction: Chemistry is one of the main things necessary for our technology and to understand this universe. Chemistry deals with the study of the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter with each other. After studying boron and its family members let's first talk about the history of chemistry. Chemistry is the start because our humans want to know everything. Humans want to know about stones and clays. Different stone has different properties and studying them is necessary for building and other such things. After this, we go into the period of Al-chemistry who want to convert other elements into gold and similar to form medicines that make them immortal. Because of this humans have a deep understanding of the scope of chemistry and that why treated as an important branch of science. After such an introduction to chemistry. Let's start our topic on boron and its family members. Boron family propert...

Ture Potential of Thermodynamics: Entropy And Heat Death of Universe Introduction: All the events in this universe. From the formation of stars to galaxies, the formation of planets, the formation of life on planets, and even the formation of the universe these events obey the laws of thermodynamics. In this article, we are talking about the following concepts: 1. What are thermodynamics and the basic concepts which are necessary to understand them. 2. Laws of thermodynamics 3. Why is thermodynamics important? 4. Entropy and its importance 5. What is the heat death of the universe? Let's start: What are thermodynamics and the necessary basic concepts to understand them: Thermodynamics: Branch of physics that deals with the relationship between different forms of energy and the ways by which energy is transferred and transformed. In this branch, we talk about the heat and relationship between energy, and that is correct because around us major mechanical energy dissipates as heat in...

 Alkaline Earth Metals: And Its Unique Properties Introduction: The chemistry is wonderful not only for the reason that I liked it but also because it organizes things very well. As to read the title of this article you know that I am talking about the second group of the periodic table. Yah! Periodic table. Predictability of Periodic table:  In groups mainly things of different elements are predictable which is very surprising. That is why Dmitri Mendeleev before discovering the element described their properties and it was quite surprising that he was right. So, think you thought that chemistry is difficult subject known to humans. But How Dmitri Mendeleev  predict things that means if you have some little knowledge about periodic tables and some other basic concept of chemistry similar to physics things are predictable I mean in classical physics. In this article we study about following points :  1. What is an alkaline earth metal? 2. Alkaline Earth Metals Proper...